A cowboy, a one-eyed boxer and a parachuting priest…. meet the original SAS who struck terror into Nazi troops

THEY were some of the bravest, toughest soldiers of World War Two, trained killers who struck terror into Nazi troops in North Africa.

But they were also wildly unconventional pirates in a private army — oddballs who didn’t fit into the traditional ranks.They included a former cowboy, a one-eyed boxer, a parachuting priest and a rugby international.

Some were natural warriors, nerveless and calm. Some were surprisingly gentle. Many were eccentric. And a few were close to being psychotic.

These were the real SAS, the men who founded Britain’s most famous fighting force, in North Africa in 1941, and went on to fight behind the lines in Italy, Nazi-occupied France and Germany.read more

flaviu -lynx update -25-09-2016

flaviu the famous carpathian lynx is now back on public display and to get a new mate in next few months.

the white throne.

no not a new episode of television show game of thrones or a new fantasy film but the most used seat in everyone's house the humble toilet seat.the toilet seat is one we all use and i personally whilst awaiting for my body to perform its nature function and too think about the day and how to slow down and go with it ,some read a book ,do the crossword or read newspaper or even listen to music .i wonder what you do my loyal reader ,so please make your surroundings nice and comfortable next time on your white throne.

texas old reptile.

dug up in texas ,u.s.a a reptile that lived 230 million years ago before dinosaurs.

Flat-faced dog’s fight for life left me ‘a mess,’ says Ulrika Jonsson, as she supports vets’ health warning

THEIR cute scrunched-up faces have made them some of our favourite dogs.

But would-be owners are being urged by vets to steer clear of “flat-faced” breeds such as pugs, bulldogs and shih tzus, as the extremes of selective breeding have left them prone to health problems from breathing difficulties to eye ulcers.

Former British Veterinary Association president Robin Hargreaves says: “Their nasal passages are so thin that it’s like breathing through a straw.”ANYONE who tells you a dog is “just a dog” hasn’t experienced a pet’s unconditional love.

My two bulldogs — Nessie, five, and three-year-old Dexter — are my companions and both came from reputable, responsible breeders.

They are my best friends, my ­children and a bigger part of my life than I can respectfully concede.

But all that nearly changed three months ago when Dexter fell ill.read more

Ancient buttons reveal new theory on beach skeletons

Historians have shed new light on four skeletons found buried near a beach – by studying their buttons.

They believe the four men, found in the 1990s buried near Croyde, North Devon, probably drowned in a shipwreck. But clues from the skeletons and their buttons suggest they were probably not seamen but wealthy passengers or merchantmen.

The new information about the skeletons has just been published by the Devon Archaeological Society.

A report by Tim Gent, of Exeter Archaeology, says the burials were discovered between 1996 and 1998 at Saunton Down End.

Two of the skeletons were found with finely decorated pewter buttons. This suggests they would have benefited from relatively elevated positions in life, says the report.

Bone buttons found with the two other skeletons suggest they were somewhat lower on the social scale.

Charlotte Coles, from Exeter Archaeology, studied three of the skeletons and concluded that two of the men were aged between 35 and 40 years when they died. The third, the tallest man at 6ft, was aged 25-30.

She said in the report: "If these were naval seamen, or men who spent a great deal of time at sea, more severe trauma or illness might be expected, with falls, breaks and infection being very common among sailors."READ MORE AND SEE AT BARNSTAPLE MUSEUM ENGLAND

Feelings of loneliness appear to be partially down to your genes

New research suggests that it's not just the social situation you're in, but also the genes you're born with that affect your likelihood of feeling lonely.

While environmental factors definitely play a bigger role, a new study of more than 10,000 people has shown that loneliness can be partly hereditary too.

As loneliness feeds into all kinds of physical and mental health problems, and is a significant factor in early deaths, scientists are keen to understand more about where it comes from so that we can get better at preventing it.

Specifically, the team was interested in understanding if there could be a genetic risk factor for loneliness.

"We want to know why, genetically speaking, one person is more likely than another to feel lonely, even in the same situation," said lead researcher, psychiatrist Abraham Palmer, from the University of California, San Diego.

"For two people with the same number of close friends and family, one might see their social structure as adequate while the other doesn't," he added. "And that's what we mean by 'genetic predisposition to loneliness'."

The researchers pored through a longitudinal health study in the US of 10,760 people aged 50 and older to try and spot links between genetics and loneliness.read more

Pee of newt and poo of bat – bat identification from droppings and DNA

Droppings, faeces, dung, poo – call it what you will these are a mainstay in the ecologists fieldcraft for id’ing species, and bats are no different.

Finding bat droppings within barns and lofts, at bat access points and under cracks and holes in trees is a good initial indicator of bat presence at a site. Knowing they are bat droppings is relatively easy, as although they look very similar to mouse droppings, when crushed they easily break down to a fine powder, made of insect carapaces.

You can sometimes determine the species or group of bat species present, purely from their droppings. Until recently this has been fairly tough, relying predominantly on how the droppings look….their colour, size, shape and texture.

Pipistrelle droppings are usually very small and regularly oval shaped, but by eye you can’t tell the difference in droppings between the three different species. Brown long-eared bat droppings are usually longer and twisted, but can often break up at the twists to look like smaller droppings. Serotine droppings are usually ‘bullet’ shaped.

However, there can be substantial differences between droppings from individual bats of the same species, with the diet playing the greatest role.

Brave souls have endeavoured to determine bat species by dissecting bat droppings using a microscope, and using the insect fragments that remain to determine what the -read more

Billions of 'super-fleas' with massive penises are expected to invade homes across Cornwall and beyond this autumn.

The new breed of so called super-fleas, which are far bigger than 'normal' fleas, are expected to come out of hibernation early this year.

The flea has a penis which is two-and-a-half times the length of its body - the largest genitalia relative to size of any bug on earth.

Conditions for flea breeding have been perfect with a mild summer and the right amount of rain and damp weather.

The new flea breed is believed to have come from Europe over the past few years.read more

Massive crater under small Scottish town could be the crash site of the first meteorite to hit the British Isles

The exact landing site of the first meteorite to hit the British Isles has been a mystery for years.

Now a scientist claims to have discovered its exact location.

Palaeontologist Dr Mike Simms believes he has found the 25 mile-wide impact crater under the small town of Lairg in northern Scotland.For years scientists have been studying green rock fragments found sandwiched between 1.2 billion-year-old sandstone near Ullapool, 30 miles to the west of Lairg.

For decades this layer was thought to be a volcanic mudflow until, in 2008, geologists from Oxford and Aberdeen proved that it had actually been formed by a giant meteorite impact.read more

black toenail.

no not a character from some old comedy film but part of my body i hate .years ago i managed to drop a pallet of a heavy weight on my foot and since then i toe has looked like this .

something odd in my neighbourhood .

they say you are never too far from the weird and wonderful in the world and i discover one this phenomenon the other day whilst walking my jack russell-mitzi -around my local estate.whilst walking along glebe meadows ,holsworthy,devon i spotted a duck standing by the gate and a cat sitting beside it i managed too talk to the owner who told me the duck was a 10 month year old indian runner duck who was quite tame as liked sitting by the fire and escorting the postman to the gate.

Arsène Wenger,-20 years at arsenal football club

wiki link  OBE (French pronunciation: ​[aʁsɛn vɛŋ(ɡ)ɛʁ]; born 22 October 1949), is a French football manager and formerplayer. He has been the manager of Arsenal since 1996, where he has since become the club's longest-serving manager and most successful in terms of major titles won. Football pundits give Wenger credit for his contribution to the revolutionising of football in England in the late 1990s through the introduction of changes in the training and diet of players.

Wenger was born in Strasbourg and raised in Duttlenheim. He was introduced to football by his father, the manager of the local village team. After a modest playing career, in which he made appearances for several amateur clubs, Wenger obtained a manager's diploma in 1981. Following an unsuccessful period at Nancy which culminated in his dismissal in 1987, Wenger joinedAS Monaco; the club won the league championship in 1988. In 1991, Wenger guided Monaco to victory in the Coupe de France, but their failure to regain the league title in later seasons led to his departure from the club by mutual consent in 1994. He briefly coached Japanese J.League side Nagoya Grampus Eight, which won the Emperor's Cup and Japanese Super Cup during his stint.

In 1996, Wenger was named manager of Arsenal and two years later the club completed a league and FA Cup double. The club won another league and cup double in 2002 and retained the FA Cup a year later. In 2004, Wenger managed Arsenal to anundefeated league season, a feat last accomplished by Preston North End, 115 years previously. Arsenal later eclipsed Nottingham Forest's record of 42 league matches unbeaten and went seven more matches before losing in October 2004. The club made their first appearance in a Champions League final in 2006, though they lost to Barcelona. After a period of nine years without a trophy, which coincided with the club relocating to the Emirates Stadium, Wenger guided Arsenal to further FA Cup success in 2014 and2015. Alongside George Ramsay, he is the most successful manager in the competition's history with six titles.

The nickname "Le Professeur" (French; "The Professor") is used by fans and the British media to reflect Wenger's studious demeanour. His approach to the game emphasises an attacking mentality, with the aim that football ought to be entertaining on the pitch. Wenger's Arsenal teams have been criticised for their indiscipline; his players received 100 red cards between September 1996 and February 2014, though the team has won awards for sporting fair play. At Monaco, Wenger earned a reputation for spotting young talent, and he has remained focused on developing a youth system.wiki link

Work is underway to fight 'killer' Asian hornets before they arrive in UK for first time

Killer hornets have been spotted in the UK for the first time ever and are feared to be breeding successfully, according to experts.

The Asian hornet - which poses a severe risk to the world's bee population - was discovered in Gloucestershire.

Smaller than the UK's native hornet, this particular species grows up to 2.5cm and poses no greater risk to human health than than common “yellowjacket” wasps.

However, they do pose a risk to honey bees.

According to experts, the Asian hornet waits outside bee hives before biting the honey bee's head off.read more

Key Facts About Seasonal Flu Vaccine

Why should people get vaccinated against the flu?

Influenza is a serious disease that can lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death. Every flu season is different, and influenza infection can affect people differently. Even healthy people can get very sick from the flu and spread it to others. Over a period of 31 seasons between 1976 and 2007,estimates of flu-associated deaths in the United States range from a low of about 3,000 to a high of about 49,000 people. During recent flu seasons, between 80% and 90% of flu related deaths have occurred in people 65 years and older. "Flu season" in the United States can begin as early as October and last as late as May. During this time, flu viruses are circulating at higher levels in the U.S. population. An annual seasonal flu vaccine (either the flu shot or the nasal spray flu vaccine) is the best way to reduce the chances that you will get seasonal flu and spread it to others. When more people get vaccinated against the flu, less flu can spread through that community.

How do flu vaccines work?

Flu vaccines cause antibodies to develop in the body about two weeks after vaccination. These antibodies provide protection against infection with the viruses that are in the vaccine.

The seasonal flu vaccine protects against the influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common during the upcoming season. Traditional flu vaccines (called "trivalent" vaccines) are made to protect against three flu viruses; an influenza A (H1N1) virus, an influenza A (H3N2) virus, and an influenza B virus. There are also flu vaccines made to protect against four flu viruses (called "quadrivalent" vaccines). These vaccines protect against the same viruses as the trivalent vaccine and an additional B virus.read more

Neanderthals were not as dumb

Work items found in a cave in France from 40,000BC were thought to have been crafted by early humans.But ancient DNA tests at the Châtelperronian archaeological site in Grotte du Renne proved they were made by cavemen.

The researchers found 28 bone fragments, other hand-made objects and primitive jewellery.read more

AUDIO Woman calls Barnstable Police in Massachusetts to report car ac...

time goes quicker now

when i was a younger person time seemed to stand still or drag and i looked forward to weekend television yes it was good once .but now i am aging -54 -it seems monday soon blends into the weekend i sure other feel the same way and may have been research-see this link -done on this subject .

Yorkshire PUMA on the loose?

The shy animal, which has golden-brown fur and piercing eyes, hides behind a tree but looks straight down the camera lens. 

According to the factory worker who spotted it, the big cat stayed put for 15 seconds before slinking off into the Yorkshire landscape. 

It is the latest and possibly most convincing in a string of sightings of big cats. More than 50 have been reported to police since 2001. read more

THE EXISTENCE OF MONSTERS AND GIANTS?

Monsters and giants have always played an important part in folklore and fiction. There has been a lot of speculation of whether some of these creatures exist in reality or not. People claiming to have witnessed some of them have aroused those speculations and have created a lot of curiosity about them. There has also been an element of fear involved in it as monsters and giants are known to be something that are dangerous and that can be harmful.

One of the most popular of such creatures that is believed to be in reality is the Bigfoot. The Bigfootis a large, hairy half-human and half-ape like creature. It is known to be about 6 to10 feet tall, is tremendously huge, and walks upright on its legs. It is supposedly known to inhabit, mainly, in forests, in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.

There have been known to be a number of alleged interactions between humans and the Bigfoot. Many people have claimed to have seen it, which adds to the curiosity of the creature. The search for the Bigfoot has been going on for years. But all that has been found are some large footprints, some hazy pictures and videos, and endless stories about the Bigfoot.-read more

killer hornets game of stings

Scientists need YOU to look for lugworm sperm

The people of Britain are being asked to look out the sperm of the lugworm, in a nationwide campaign to find out more about the sex lives of the secretive, burrowing marine worm.

Spermwatch is a citizen science campaign launched by scientists determined to solve a mystery that has eluded them for decades: exactly what environmental conditions trigger the lugworm to start spawning?

READ MORE

Fish recorded singing dawn choruses off Australia coast

As the campaign’s website explains: “We need people across the UK to look for sperm puddles and tell us when they appear. 

“Our aim is to find out the exact time when male lugworms release their sperm, and how that varies around the UK.”

Lugworms, better known among humans as a source -read more

live streaming on YouTube.

Introduction to live streaming

You can reach your audience live by taking advantage of live streaming on YouTube.

Before you get started with your live stream, you need to do a few things:

1. Confirm that your channel is verified and that you have no live stream restrictions in the last 90 days.
2. Enable live streaming from Creator Studio tools --> Live Streaming.

Start streaming

Once your channel is enabled, you have two options to start your live stream:

• Stream now is a quick and easy way to go live. Start sending content and we'll automatically start and stop the stream for you at the right time.
• Events gives you greater control of the live stream. You can preview before you go live, you have back-up redundancy streams and you can start and stop the stream when you want.

If you want to embed your live stream on a site, make sure you have an approved AdSense account linked to your YouTube account.

Mouse-Sized Spiders Released in U.K.

The majority of people taking an online poll describe this news as "terrifying," but scientists are cheering the comeback of a large, endangered spider in the U.K. It's a recovery that was made possible by the recent release of hundreds of captive-bred individuals.

The fen raft spider (Dolomedes plantarius), which can grow up to three inches (7.6 centimeters) long and sometimes eats fish, is the largest species of spider in the U.K. It is also endangered. That's why scientists from the London-area zoo Chessington World of Adventures have beenbreeding it in captivity.

You shouldn't be scared—it's not dangerous to people and actually plays an important role in its ecosystem. (Watch hundreds of babies emerge after a wolf spider is squashed.)-read more

Manchester City unveil ROBOTS which will entertain fans on matchdays

Dont’ worry, this isn’t Manchester City’s new three-man defence although they look like they would be less injury-prone than Vincent Kompany.

No, these are the ‘humanoid robots’ who will be entertaining Blues fans around the Etihad stadium, singing songs and performing tricks.

The club has unveiled the robots as it announced details of it’s latest plans to provide the best and most innovative match-day experience on the planet.

The robots will help to entertain fans at some home games and will also be featured on LED screens around the ground and on other content shared on the club’s website and through social media-read more

Did this tortoise single-handedly save his species by having lots of sex?

You may have heard of Diego the Galapagos tortoise by now -- the legendary Casanova that did God's work and single-handledly saved his species from extinction by fathering more than 800 offspring.

But as with most things on the internet, if it's too good to be true, it probably is.

Turns out Diego isn't the most prolific tortoise, and he most certainty didn't do it alone (amirite, ladies?).

"Diego is prolific, but not the most prolific," says James Gibbs, a professor of conservation biology at the State University of New York, "Although you can't argue with 800 offspring."

The guy with the most impressive performance is actually the nameless E5. According to genetic -read more

jaguars-brazils-super-cats

Natural World-2016-2017: 8. Jasee programme guars: Brazil's Super Cats

Jaguars are South America's supreme predator, but they are also one of the most elusive animals on the planet. We follow a pioneering team in Brazil as they track and follow individual wild jaguars to gain amazing new insights into their lives. With jaguars increasingly under threat, every cat counts. So when two young jaguar cubs are tragically orphaned, the team needs to use all their new-found knowledge to help the cubs return to the wild.see programme

not a croc after all.

rspca officer was surprised when their got a called out on reports of a baby crocodile  on the loose by a roadside in winsford,cheshire .the creature found turned out too be just a plastic toy.

insects found in historic buildings

https://content.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/insect-pests-historic-houses-poster/insect-pests-historic-houses-poster.pdf/

Meet Angela Nikolau, The Russian Girl Who Takes The World’s Riskiest Photos

Angela Nikolau is a talented self taught photographer, adventurer and roofer based in Moscow, Russia. Angela was born in 1993, she shoots a lot of urban, street and underground photography. Nikolau’s Instagram feed contains plenty of skyscrapers and high-rise buildings.

h/t: photogristread more and see more photos

Britain’s last human cannonball

A HUMAN cannonball had a horrifying accident when he soared through the air at 50mph but fell short of the crash mat.

The circus crowd feared the worst when Shane Beare slammed into the ground.But there was a huge cheer when the daredevil bravely struggled to his feet and gave a bow, despite having two broken ankles.

Shane, thought to be the country’s last working human cannonball act, said: “My ankles smashed as I landed but I just had to stand up and give a bow because my family were in the crowd.

“The adrenaline kicked in and I hobbled over to a clown and lent on him.read more

tango r.i.p

A TIGER who starred in Esso’s much-loved fuel adverts has died of old age at a Lincolnshire wildlife park.

Tango, one of several big cats to appear in the famous ‘Tiger in Your Tank’ ads in the 1990s, passed away at the weekend.His tragic death comes just two years after he was rescued from an Eastern European circus.

Woodside Wildlife Park has received almost 1,000 messages of sympathy on its Facebook page since announcing the 22-year-old animal’s death.

Tango is thought to have been Britain’s oldest tiger.Park director Neil Mumby said: “A normal age for a tiger to reach would be approximately 15 – so at 22 he was over 100 years old in human terms.

“He had extremely good innings but he had a mixed life in his circus time on the continent.

“We were happy to give him a good, peaceful retirement for two-and-a-half years – we have seen him chasing butterflies, swimming and behaving like a tiger deserves to.”Mumby, who orchestrated a £250,000 project to re-home Tango in 2014, added: “From my point of view, we are extremely proud to have given him his retirement.”

Esso first used an image of a tiger in its ads following the end of rationing after the Second World War.

The long-running “Put a Tiger in Your Tank” campaign is regarded is one of the most successful in advertising history.see ad

2 Tone (music genre)

2 Tone (or Two Tone) was a late-1970s ska revival in the United Kingdom led by Jerry Dammers and The Specials. It fused traditional ska music with punk rock attitude, energy and musical elements.^[1][2] Its name came from the record label that Dammers founded, 2 Tone Records as well as a desire to transcend and defuse racial tensions in Thatcher-era Britain. Although 2 Tone's mainstream commercial appeal was largely limited to the UK, it influenced the North American ska punk movement (also known asthird wave ska) in the 1980s and 1990s.^[3][4]The 2 Tone sound was developed by young musicians in Coventry, West Midlands, England who grew up hearing 1960s Jamaican music.^[5] They combined influences from ska, reggae and rocksteady with elements of punk rock and new wave. Bands considered part of the genre include: The Specials, The Selecter, The Beat, Madness, Bad Manners and The Bodysnatchers.^[3]

The term was coined by The Specials' keyboard player Jerry Dammers, who — with the assistance of Horace Panter and graphic designer John "Teflon" Sims — created the iconic Walt Jabsco logo (a man in a black suit, white shirt, black tie, pork pie hat, white socks and black loafers) to represent the 2 Tone genre. The logo was based on an early album cover photo of Peter Tosh, and included an added black-and-white check pattern.^[6][7][8]

Most of the bands considered to be part of the 2 Tone genre were signed to 2 Tone Records at some point. Other record labels associated with the 2 Tone sound were Stiff Records and Go Feet Records. The music was especially popular among skinheads, rudiesand some mod revivalists.wiki link-a music that was very much part of the music scene around southend-on -sea during the 80s and saw i lot of people coping style of clothes .

Push ups in memory of fallen soldiers

https://youtu.be/Mo2HpNjO28k

posted from Bloggeroid

22KILL - Hear Me Now

Holsworthy AFC celebrate 125th anniversary with charity match

Holsworthy AFC XI 2

Presidents XI 3

HOLSWORTHY Football Club celebrated its 125th anniversary with a charity match at Upcott Field on Sunday, September 4.

The day started with town crier, Roger Dunstan, welcoming everyone, and it wasn’t long before the teams gave the crowd of over 200 plenty to shout about.

With both current and former players taking part, Matt Andrew’s late winner proving decisive for the President’s Select XI after Adam Smith and Carlo Chandler had equalised for Holsworthy after early goals from Jacob Nosworthy and Andrew.

A number of high-profile figures from the club’s history were also in attendance, including ex chairman’s Rob Moores, Mike Pett, Barry Parrish and Tony Bayley.

Presentations were made by Devon FA chairman, Bernard Leach, to club legends Ron Gifford and Eric French who were members of the victorious Devon?Senior Cup side from the 1953/54 season.

French also became a life vice president of the club, along with Ray Latty, Clifford and Sylvia Gilbert, Ween Masters and Dawn Curtis.

Further presentations were made to Stuart Moore for his matchday programmes while Holsworthy Mayor, Cllr Jon read more

The extraordinary life of Bob Parks

Eccentric British conceptual artist Bob Parks was at the heart of the thriving Los Angeles performance art scene of the 1970s, appearing in galleries and on television as his alter-ego, Bignose, and walking the streets of LA in a string bikini. But after his marriage failed, Parks saw his burgeoning art career come to pieces. Having been rescued by the parishioners of a South Central gospel church, Bob finally moved back to the UK to live with his parents in the New Forest. Despite planning to stay for only six months to finish a series of paintings and gather his thoughts, Bob stayed for 30 years. A new film, The R&B Feeling: The Bob Parks Story - part of the BBC Four Goes Conceptual season - tells his extraordinary story. Here, director MARCUS WERNER HED and producer TOM VINEY reveal how they made it.read more

obscure laws

a 1322 rule still in force is all sturgeons and beached whales must be offered to reigning monarch ,also it is  still illegal to be drunk in a pub and import potatoes from poland.see some more

Wake me up before you go go GO! The vibrating alarm clock that promises to start your day with an orgasm

Imagine if, instead of starting your day dragging yourself out of bed to the sound of a loud alarm, you were able to rise in the morning with a smile on your face, having just had a much more... er... pleasurable wake up call.

Well, that's the promise behind the new device making a buzz in the market, the Little Rooster alarm. 

The small plastic miracle combines a vibrator with an alarm clock so that you can be woken up with an orgasm.read more

music can boost your immune system

Scientists found that after listening to just 50 minutes of uplifting dance music, the levels of antibodies in volunteers' bodies increased.

They also found that stress hormone levels, which can weaken the immune system, decreased after being exposed to the music.

Volunteers who played a percussion instrument along with the music also benefited from the immune boost.

The researchers, from Sussex University and the Max Planck Institute in Leipzig, Germany, say their findings demonstrate how music could be used to help aid patients' recovery while in hospital.

In a separate, unpublished, study they also found that playing music while a patient was under anaesthetic during an operation also helped to lower the levels of harmful stress hormones.read more

poo on radio

Indonesian province’s bizarre annual ritual of digging up its dead to give them a wash, groom and dress them in new clothes

They say the dead live on in our hearts and minds - but in one Indonesian province, the deceased continue to walk the earth in a rather more literal, zombie-like fashion. 

Families in Toraja in South Sulawesi dig up the bodies of their dead relatives before washing, grooming and dressing them in fancy new clothes. 

Even dead children are exhumed - two of these photos show the skeleton of a baby wrapped in a print dress with a doll laid next to it. 

Damaged coffins are fixed or replaced, and the mummies are then walked around the province by following a path of straight lines. 

The ritual is called Ma'nene, or The Ceremony of Cleaning Corpses.

 According to the ancient Torajan belief system, the spirit of a dead person must return to his village of origin. 

So if a person died on a journey, the family would go to the place of death and accompany the deceased back home by walking them back to the village.

In the past, people were frightened to journey far, in case they died while they were away and were unable to return to their village.read more