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Morphine for pain relief

1. About morphine

   Morphine is a strong painkiller. It's used to treat severe pain, for example after an operation or a serious injury, or pain from cancer or a heart attack.

   It's also used for other types of long-standing pain when weaker painkillers no longer work.

   Morphine is available only on prescription. It comes as tablets, capsules, granules that you dissolve in water, a liquid to swallow, suppositories (pellets inserted into the bottom) and as an injection. Morphine injections are usually only done in hospital.

2. Key facts

   • Morphine works by blocking pain signals from travelling along the nerves to the brain.
   • The most common side effects of morphine are constipation, feeling sick and sleepiness.
   • It's possible to become addicted to morphine, but this is rare if you're taking it to relieve pain under medical supervision.
   • It may be best not to drink alcohol while taking morphine as you're more likely to get side effects like feeling sleepy.
   • Morphine is also called by the brand names MST, Zomorph, Sevredol, Morphgesic, MXL or Oramorph.

3. Who can and can't take morphine

   Morphine can be taken by children and adults of all ages. However babies, young children and older people are more likely to get side effects.

   Morphine is not suitable for some people. Tell your doctor before starting the medicine if you have:

   • had an allergic reaction to morphine or any other medicines in the past
   • breathing difficulties
   • a lung problem
   • an addiction to alcohol
   • an illness which causes seizures
   • a head injury
   • low thyroid levels
   • adrenal gland problems            
   • kidney or liver problems
   • an enlarged prostate
   • low blood pressure
   • myasthenia gravis (a rare illness that causes muscle weakness)

   Morphine is generally not recommended in pregnancy. Tell your doctor before taking morphine if you're trying to get pregnant, are already pregnant or if you're breastfeeding.

4. How and when to take it

   It's important to take morphine as your doctor has asked you to.

   Take morphine with, or just after, a meal or snack so it's less likely to make you feel sick.

   Different types of morphine

   Morphine comes as:

   • tablets
   • capsules
   • granules (that you dissolve in water to make a drink)
   • a liquid that you swallow
   • suppositories
   • injection

   Morphine suppositories are useful if you can't swallow tablets or liquids.

   Morphine liquid, suppositories, injections and some morphine tablets and capsules are fast-acting. They're used for pain which is expected to last for a short time. Fast-acting morphine is often used when you start taking morphine to help find the right dose.

   Morphine granules and some morphine tablets and capsules are slow-release. This means the morphine is gradually released into your body over either 12 or 24 hours. This type of morphine takes longer to start working but lasts longer. It's used for long-term pain.

   Sometimes you may take both a fast-acting morphine and a slow-release morphine to manage long term pain and sudden flares of pain that break through the long-acting medicine.

   Morphine does not come as a skin patch. However, there are skin patches containing morphine-like painkillers such as fentanyl.

   How often will I take it?

   How often you take it depends on the type of morphine that you've been prescribed.

   You can choose to take your morphine at any time of day but try to take it at the same time every day and space your doses evenly. For example, if you take morphine twice a day and have your first dose at 8am, take your second dose at 8pm.

   • fast-acting tablets and capsules - usually 4 to 6 times a day
   • slow-release granules, tablets and capsules - usually 1 to 2 times a day
   • liquid - usually 4 to 6 times a day
   • suppositories - usually 4 to 6 times a day
   • injections - usually 4 to 6 times a day (sometimes in a pump that you control yourself)

   It's important to swallow slow-release morphine tablets and capsules whole with a drink of water.

   Do not break, crush, chew or suck morphine slow-release tablets or capsules. If you do, the slow-release system won't work and the whole dose might get into your body in one go. This could cause a potentially fatal overdose.

   Will my dose go up or down?

   Usually, you start on a low dose of morphine and this is increased slowly until your pain is well controlled.

   Once your pain is under control, talk to your doctor about swapping to slow-release morphine. This may cut down the number of doses you have to take each day.

   When you stop taking morphine your dose will go down gradually, especially if you've been taking it for a long time.

   What if I forget to take it?

   This will vary depending on which type of morphine you're taking.

   If you forget to take a dose, check the information on the patient information leaflet inside the packaging or ask your pharmacist or doctor for advice on what to do.

   Never take 2 doses at the same time to make up for a forgotten one.

   If you often forget doses, it may help to set an alarm to remind you. You could also ask your pharmacist for advice on other ways to remember to take your medicine.=read more

   
   

Diarrhoea

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1. When to seek medical advice
2. Causes of diarrhoea
3. Treating diarrhoea
4. Preventing diarrhoea

Overview

Diarrhoea is where you frequently pass watery or loose poo. Some people may also have other symptoms, depending on the cause.

It affects most people from time to time and is usually nothing to worry about. However, it can be distressing and unpleasant until it passes, which normally takes a few days to a week.

The excessive loss of water in your poo can also sometimes lead to symptoms of dehydration, which can be serious if it's not recognised and treated quickly.

When to seek medical advice

Contact your GP or call NHS 111 for advice if you're concerned about yourself or your child.

You should also contact your GP in the situations outlined below, as they may mean an increased risk of a more serious problem.

Read more about diagnosing the cause of diarrhoea.

Babies

You should contact your GP or health visitor urgently if your baby has had six or more episodes of diarrhoea in the past 24 hours, or if they've vomited three times or more in the past 24 hours.

You should also seek advice if your baby has any symptoms of dehydration.

Children

Contact your GP if your child has: 

• had six or more episodes of diarrhoea in the past 24 hours
• diarrhoea and vomiting at the same time
• watery poo
• blood in their poo
• a severe or continuous stomach ache
• symptoms of dehydration

You should also contact your GP if your child has persistent diarrhoea. Most cases will pass in five to seven days.

Adults

Contact your GP if you have diarrhoea and:

• there's blood in your poo
• you're vomiting persistently
• you've lost a lot of weight
• you've passed a large amount of very watery diarrhoea
• it occurs at night and is disturbing your sleep
• you've recently taken antibiotics or been treated in hospital
• you have symptoms of dehydration
• your poo is dark or black – this may be a sign of bleeding inside your stomach

You should also contact your GP if you have persistent diarrhoea. Most cases in adults will pass in two to four days.

Causes of diarrhoea

There are many different causes of diarrhoea, but a bowel infection (gastroenteritis) is a common cause in both adults and children.

Gastroenteritis can be caused by:

• a virus – such as norovirus or rotavirus
• bacteria – such as campylobacter or Escherichia coli (E. coli), which are often picked up from contaminated food 
• a parasite – such as the parasite that causes giardiasis, which is spread in contaminated water

These infections can sometimes be caught during travel abroad, particularly to areas with poor standards of public hygiene. This is known as travellers' diarrhoea.

Diarrhoea can also be the result of:

• anxiety
• a food allergy
• medication
• a long-term condition, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Read more about the causes of diarrhoea.

Treating diarrhoea

Most cases of diarrhoea clear up after a few days without treatment, and you may not need to see your GP.

However, diarrhoea can lead to dehydration, so you should drink plenty of fluids until it passes.

It's very important that babies and small children don't become dehydrated. Your pharmacist may suggest you use an oral rehydration solution (ORS) if you or your child are particularly at risk of dehydration.

You should eat solid food as soon as you feel able to. If you're breastfeeding or bottle feeding your baby and they have diarrhoea, you should try to feed them as normal.

Stay at home until at least 48 hours after the last episode of diarrhoea to prevent spreading any infection to others.

Medications to reduce diarrhoea, such as loperamide, are available. However, these aren't usually necessary, and most types shouldn't be given to children.

Read more about treating diarrhoea.

Preventing diarrhoea

Diarrhoea is often caused by an infection. You can reduce your risk by making sure you maintain high standards of hygiene.

For example, you should:=read more

Heartburn and acid reflux

Heartburn is a burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid travelling up towards the throat (acid reflux). If it keeps happening, it’s called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).

Check if you have acid reflux

The main symptoms of acid reflux are:

• heartburn – a burning sensation in the middle of your chest
• an unpleasant sour taste in your mouth, caused by stomach acid

You may also have:

• a cough or hiccups that keep coming back
• a hoarse voice
• bad breath
• bloating and feeling sick

Your symptoms will probably be worse after eating, when lying down and when bending over.

Causes of heartburn and acid reflux

Lots of people get heartburn from time to time. There's often no obvious reason why.

Sometimes it's caused or made worse by:

• certain food and drink – such as coffee, alcohol, chocolate, and fatty or spicy foods
• being overweight
• smoking
• pregnancy
• stress and anxiety
• some medicines, such as anti-inflammatory painkillers (like ibuprofen)
• a hiatus hernia – when part of your stomach moves up into your chest

How you can ease heartburn and acid reflux yourself

Simple lifestyle changes can help stop or reduce heartburn.

Do

• eat smaller, more frequent meals
• raise one end of your bed 10 to 20cm by putting something under your bed or mattress – make it so your chest and head are above the level of your waist, so stomach acid doesn't travel up towards your throat
• try to lose weight if you're overweight
• try to find ways to relax

Don't

• have food or drink that triggers your symptoms
• eat within 3 or 4 hours before bed
• wear clothes that are tight around your waist
• smoke
• drink too much alcohol
• stop taking any prescribed medicine without speaking to a doctor first

A pharmacist can help with heartburn and acid reflux

Speak to a pharmacist for advice if you keep getting heartburn.

They can recommend medicines called antacids that can help ease your symptoms.

It's best to take these with food or soon after eating, as this is when you're most likely to get heartburn. They may also work for longer if taken with food=read more

Me on Apple podcast Holsworthy mark show

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CONSTIPATION

WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW SYMPTOMS OF CONSTIPATION SYMPTOM CHECKER CAUSES CONSTIPATION MYTHS DIET & LIFESTYLE HOLIDAY HEALTH TIPS FOR AVOIDING CONSTIPATION THE QUESTIONS YOU WERE TOO EMBARRASSED TO ASK! CONSTIPATION AND RELATIONSHIPS FAQS HOW CAN I GET RELIEF? CONSTIPATION RELIEF TREATMENT ADVISOR PREGNANCY & KIDS COMMON PREGNANCY BUGBEARS CHILDREN AND CONSTIPATION WHAT CAUSES CONSTIPATION IN CHILDREN? MEN MEN'S HEALTH MEN'S GUIDE TO CONSTIPATION THE DULCO RANGE DULCOLAX TABLETS DULCOEASE SUPPOSITORIES DULCOGLIDE  Symptoms of constipation When you talk about constipation it's surprising how people's symptoms vary WE ALL KNOW WHEN SOMETHING DOESN'T FEEL RIGHT DON'T WE? When you talk to other people about how you’re feeling, you’ll realise how much the symptoms of not feeling “quite yourself” vary. You’ll know what’s normal for you, but we’re all different. Some people get stomach ache, feel bloated or a bit sick, or even lose their appetite. But, if you’re not going to the toilet as often as usual, you’re straining or are having difficulty passing your stools, this is known as constipation. Most of the time, constipation is nothing to worry about and your body may return to its normal rhythm within a few days but sometimes your digestive system might just need a helping hand. CHRONIC CONSTIPATION If you're suffering with chronic constipation - constipation that's lasted for more than a week, or comes back after you've treated it - have a word with your doctor or pharmacist. Don't suffer in silence – find your solution from our range of products and try our lifestyle tips which may help you avoid getting it again. In a very few number of cases, constipation can also be a symptom of an obstruction somewhere, so if you experience stomach pains or see traces of blood or mucus on your stools contact your doctor immediately. Constipation alone is not a symptom of bowel cancer but if you are experiencing unusual or unexpected changes then you must first visit your GP. Although you might feel embarrassed to talk about your symptoms it is important to get checked out by your doctor. If you have worries then this organisation may be able to help: www.beatingbowelcancer.org Or call one of their Nurse Advisors on 08450 719 301. RELATED CONTENT Symptoms Painful symptoms Symptom checker Causes Constipation myths Diet & lifestyle Holiday health Tips for avoiding constipation The questions you were too embarrassed to ask! FAQs Stress and constipation Feeling a bit stressed out? It might be affecting your bowel health Find out more Constipation FAQs When you start talking constipation the same questions will often crop up Find out more Painful symptoms If you're suffering with these painful symptoms, don't ignore it... Find out more Symptom Checker Not sure of your symptoms? Take our symptom checker for personalised information and advice. Start now Medication side effects Constipation is a common condition with a whole range of possible causes Find out more Irritable bowel Syndrome Constipation is a common condition with a whole range of products. Read more
https://www.myconstipationrelief.com/uk/need-to-know/symptoms.

MARK ANTHONY RAINES AKA GHOSTMAN THIRTY YEARS IN DEVON IN2018

It seems  weird  that  I  came to Devon  in August 1988 and this year  2018 is me being in  Devon  for  30 years. In that  30 years I got  married  became  an instant  step  parent  lost my dad and mum my wife Enid lost her mum ,dad,sister  and two dogs  Poppitt  and Robbie  and 2 parrots  Jazz and Berry. I have  lived  in  various  places  and moved around  during  this time  and finally  ended back  in Holsworthy  Devon I am now a cartoonist, researcher,blogger, podcast  broadcaster and I have been  in hospital  with a  coma and late last  year  my wife  Enid was in hospital  with grade 4 wounds .I have  adapted  to the place  of life  here  and loss a bit of my Essex  accent is have  a bit of Devon but if I start  swearing  my Essex accent is strong.W as I right that August 1988 to take the risk of coming to  Devon to be with my wife Enid the answer is yes  .